The adolescent inventory is shorter than the standard adult version, was developed at a sixth-grade reading level, and is geared towards issues and personality 'norms.' The MMPI-A, a version of the inventory developed specifically for adolescents age 14 to 18, was published in 1992. The current standardized version for adults 18 and over, the MMPI-2, was released in 1989, with a subsequent revision of certain test elements in early 2001. Description The original was developed at the University of Minnesota and introduced in 1942. It is also frequently administered as part of a battery to evaluate cognitive functioning. Purpose The MMPI is used to screen for personality and in adults (i.e., over age 18) and adolescents age 14 to 18. This research was conducted in Bombay, India, with undergraduate or graduate student participants reporting on their attitudes toward vignettes that involved male sexual aggression toward women.Definition The Min nes ota Mul tip hasi c Per son ali ty Inv ent ory (MM PI -2 MMP I-A ) is a written psychological, or test, used to diagnose mental disorders. The author concludes that the Indian male's negative bias and attribution of blame toward female victims of rape and sexual harassment is due to the relatively low status of women in Indian society, which stems from the patriarchal dominance of men.

Other issues examined in the study were the rape victim's causal versus moral responsibility, the rapist-victim relationship, the gender-adversarial perspective, and the ambiguity about victim's consent. Victims who did not take any action against male sexual harassment were more likely to be blamed for their predicament. The divorced victim was attributed less blame compared with both unmarried and married victims, with the latter two not differing significantly from one another. Male participants attributed more blame to the victim of sexual harassment than did female participants. Indian male participants on the whole attributed greater fault to the rape victim than did female participants, with this difference being primarily confined to the virgin victim.

This male bias against female victims of male sexual aggression in Indian society is much stronger than in Western societies. The study found that Indian men, compared with Indian women, were less sympathetic toward female victims of rape and sexual harassment.

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